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Paramushir ((ロシア語:Парамушир), Paramushir; (日本語:幌筵島) Paramushiru-tō or Horomushiro-tō, Para-mu-sir), is a volcanic island in the northern portion of Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean. It is separated from Shumshu by the very narrow Second Kuril Strait in the northeast , from Antsiferov by the Luzhin Strait (15 km) to the southwest, from Atlasov in the northwest by , and from Onnekotan in the south by the 40 km wide Fourth Kuril Strait. Its northern tip is from Cape Lopatka at the southern tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula. Its name is derived from the Ainu language, from “broad island” or “populous island”. Severo-Kurilsk, the administrative center of the Severo-Kurilsky district, is the only permanently populated settlement on Paramushir island. ==Geography and natural history== Paramushir is roughly rectangular, and is the second largest of the Kuril Islands with an area of .〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=International Kuril Island Project（IKIP） )〕 Geologically, Paramushir is a continuous chain of 23 volcanoes. At least five of them are active, and exceed : * Chikurachki, ((ロシア語: влк.Чикурачки), (日本語:千倉岳); ''Chikura-dake'') with a height of is the highest peak on Paramushir and the third highest in the Kuril Islands. It has erupted in 1690, 1853, 1859, 1933 and several times between 1957–2008. During the most recent eruption in August 2008, the volcanic ash reached the town of Severo-Kurilsk located 60 km north-east. The previous eruption took place on March 4, 2007, when a 1.5 km high plume of ash was emitted that trailed for several hundred kilometers into the neighboring waters. * Fuss Peak, ((ロシア語: влк.Фусса), (日本語:後鏃岳); ''Shiriyajiri-dake'') with a height of is a conical stratovolcano. It has erupted in 1742, 1854 and 1934. * Lomonosov Group, ((ロシア語: влк.Ломоносова), (日本語:冠岳); Kanmuridake) with a height of is part of the Chikurachki group. * Karpinsky Group, ((ロシア語: влк.Карпинского), (日本語:白煙山); ''Shirokemuri-yama'') with a height of has erupted in 1957. * Ebeko, ((ロシア語: влк.Эбеко), (日本語:千島硫黄山); ''Chishima Iōyama'') with a height of has erupted numerous times, most recently in 1990. The central crater of Ebeko is filled by a caldera lake about deep. Paramushir has a sub-arctic climate strongly modulated by the cooling effects of the North Pacific Oyashio Current. The arboreal flora of Paramushir is consequently limited to dense, stunted copses of Siberian dwarf pine and shrubby alder. The alpine tundra which dominates the landscape produces plentiful edible mushrooms and berries, especially lingonberry, Arctic raspberry, whortleberry and crowberry. Red fox, Arctic hare and ermine are notably abundant and hunted by the inhabitants. The island also supports a population of brown bears. The straits between Paramushir and Shumshu island support a notably dense population of sea otters and harbor seals are similarly common. Several species of charr and Pacific salmon spawn in its rivers, notably in the Tukharka river, which at is the longest river on the island. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paramushir」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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